Mordan and old Agricultural by Sachin parle

  Rabi Crops: Common Diseases and Effective Management Practices    Rabi crops are an essential part of Indian agriculture, sown in winter (October to December) and harvested in spring (March to April). Major Rabi crops include wheat, mustard, barley, peas, and gram. However, these crops are vulnerable to various diseases that can reduce both yield and quality. In this blog post, we will discuss the most common diseases of Rabi crops and provide effective management tips to help farmers protect their harvests. 1. Wheat Diseases and Management a) Rust (Brown, Yellow & Black Rust) Cause: Fungi (Puccinia species) Symptoms: Brown/yellow/black powdery pustules on leaves and stems. Premature leaf drying and poor grain filling. Management: Use resistant varieties (e.g., PBW 343, HD 2967). Spray Propiconazole (0.1%) or Mancozeb (0.25%) at disease onset. Avoid late sowing and use balanced fertilizers. b) Loose Smut Cause: Ustilago tritici (a fungus) Symptoms: Black spore masse...

Black or Stem Rust of Wheat: Causes, Symptoms, and Control Introduction Wheat is one of the most important cereal crops globally, but it is highly vulnerable to several fungal diseases. One of the most destructive among them is Black Rust, also known as Stem Rust of Wheat. It is caused by the fungus Puccinia graminis and can cause significant yield losses if not properly managed. Black or Stem Rust of Wheat Crop   What is Black or Stem Rust of Wheat? Black Rust or Stem Rust is a fungal disease that primarily affects the stems, leaves, and grains of the wheat plant. It is named for the characteristic black pustules that appear on infected plant parts. This disease thrives in warm, moist conditions and can spread rapidly across large areas.   Causal Organism  Scientific Name: Puccinia graminis tritici Type: Obligate parasitic fungus Spore Stages: Ured ios pores (reddish-brown) and Teliospores (black) Symptoms of Black Rust in Wheat Initial Symptoms: Small, reddish-brown pus...

Common Insect Pests in Wheat Crops and Their Effective Management  Wheat is one of the most important cereal crops globally, and in countries like India, it plays a vital role in food security. However, several insect pests threaten wheat productivity by attacking it at different growth stages. Understanding these pests and their management is crucial for protecting yields and ensuring a healthy harvest. 🌾 Major Insect Pests in Wheat Crops    Aphids (Schizaphis graminum, Rhopalosiphum padi) Description: Small, soft-bodied insects, usually green or black. Damage: They suck sap from leaves, stems, and ears. Heavy infestation can reduce grain size and yield. Season: Mostly appear from late tillering to grain filling stages.  Termites (Odontotermes spp. and Microtermes spp.)  Description: White ants that live in colonies in the soil. Damage: They attack roots and underground stem parts, causing drying and plant death. Season: Common in rainfed or irrigated wheat, e...

Understanding Crop Rotation: A Smart Farming Practice for Sustainable Agriculture Introduction Crop rotation is a traditional yet powerful agricultural technique that has been used for centuries. It involves changing the type of crop grown in a particular field from one season to another. This practice helps improve soil health, reduce pests and diseases, and increase crop yield. In today’s era of sustainable farming, crop rotation plays a crucial role in maintaining long-term soil fertility and protecting the environment. What is Crop Rotation? Crop rotation is the practice of growing different types of crops in the same area across a sequence of growing seasons. For example, a farmer might grow wheat one year, legumes the next, and then vegetables in the third year. This sequence prevents the depletion of specific soil nutrients and reduces the buildup of crop-specific pests and diseases.   Benefits of Crop Rotation    Improves Soil Fertility  Different crops have ...

Scientific Description of Major Kharif Crops Kharif crops, also known as monsoon crops, are sown at the beginning of the rainy season (June–July) and harvested at the end of the monsoon (September–October). These crops are highly dependent on the rainfall and temperature conditions prevalent during the Indian monsoon. Scientifically, these crops exhibit specific agronomic and physiological characteristics that allow them to thrive during this season. Below is a detailed scientific description of some major Kharif crops in India: 1. Rice (Oryza sativa) 🌾 Scientific Name: Oryza sativa Family: Poaceae Origin: Tropical and subtropical Asia Climate Requirement: Warm and humid with 25–35°C temperature and 100–200 cm rainfall. Soil Type: Clayey loam or alluvial soil with good water retention. Photosynthesis: C3 type Agronomy: Requires puddled field; usually transplanted or direct-seeded. Economic Importance: Staple food for more than half the world population. 2.   Maize (Zea mays) ...

🌾  Scientific Description of Major Rabi Crops Wheat ---(Triticum aestivum) Family: Poaceae Chromosome Number: 2n = 6x = 42 Origin: Southwestern Asia Type: Cereal crop Climatic Requirement: Cool and dry climate Importance: Staple food rich in carbohydrates and some protein Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Family: Poaceae Chromosome Number: 2n = 2x = 14 Origin: Fertile Crescent (Middle East) Type: Cereal crop Climatic Requirement: Tolerant to dry and saline soil Importance: Used for food, feed, and brewing Mustard (Brassica juncea)  Family: Brassicaceae Chromosome Number: 2n = 36 Origin: Central Asia Type: Oilseed crop Climatic Requirement: Cool season crop Importance: Edible oil, also used in pickles and condiments   Chickpea (Cicer arietinum)  Family: Fabaceae Chromosome Number: 2n = 2x = 16 Origin: Southwest Asia Type: Pulse/Legume Climatic Requirement: Requires moderate temperature and dry climate Importance: Rich source of protein Lentil (Lens culinaris)  Family: Fa...